fall作不及物动词,意为“落下;跌落”,其过去式为fell,过去分词为fallen。fall作连系动词,意为“进入(某种状态)”,其后常接asleep、ill等形容词作表语。如:
The leaves begin to fall when autumn comes.
秋天来临时,树叶开始落下。
After a day’s work he fell asleep as soon as he went to bed.
在一天的工作后,他一上床就睡着了。
The old man fell ill on Sunday and died three days later.
这个老人星期天病倒了,三天后就离开了人世。
fall构成的短语,常见的有以下几种:
(1)fall down意为“跌倒,倒下”,其后跟宾语时加上介词from。如:
Li Lei hit the tree so hard that he fell down.
李磊重重地撞在树上,结果自己倒下了。
Jim fell down from the tree.
吉姆从树上跌了下来。
(2)fall over意为“向前摔倒,跌倒”。如:
I saw the little girl fall over and hit her head.
我看到这个小女孩跌倒了,碰到了头。
If you ride much too fast, you will fall over.
如果你骑得太快的话,你会摔倒的。
(3)fall off意为“从……掉下来”。如:
Leaves fall off the trees in the autumn.
秋天,树叶纷纷从树上掉下来。
Lucy fell off her bike and hurt her leg.
露西从自行车上掉下来,摔伤了腿。