so that引导目的状语从句时意为“为了,以便”,从句中常使用can,could,may,might,will,would,should等情态动词或助动词。引导结果状语从句时意为“以致;以至于”,从句前有时用逗号与主句分开。如:
Speak louder so (that) I can hear you.
大声点讲,以便我都能听清。
We got up early in the morning, so (that) we caught the school bus.
我们早上起得很早,所以赶上了校车。
so...that...意为“如此……以致……”,引导结果状语从句,有时可省略that,常见于以下句式中:
1. so+形容词/副词+that...。如:
The book was so interesting (that) I spent the whole day reading it.
这本书很有趣,我花了一整天来阅读它。
Zhao Lei drove so carelessly that he almost lost his life.
赵磊开车太粗心,差点丧了命。
2. so many/few/much/little+名词+that...。如:
Tom made so many mistakes that he failed the exam once again.
汤姆出了这么多错,考试又没及格。
There are so few tomatoes in the basket that I have to buy some.
篮子里还剩这么少西红柿,我不得不买一些。
3. so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that...。如:
It is so easy a question that I can work it out immediately.
这道题如此简单,以至于我马上就能做出来。
注意:当so...that...引导的结果状语从句是肯定句时,从句可转换为enough(for sb.) to do;从句是否定句时,可转换为too... to...。如:
The story was so funny that it made everybody laugh.
=The story was funny enough to make everybody laugh.
这故事太滑稽了,把大家都逗笑了。
Her sister is so young that she can’t dress herself.
=Her sister is too young to dress herself.
她妹妹太小,还不能自己穿衣服。
such...that...引导状语从句常见于以下句式中:
(1) such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that...。如:
It was such a terrible day that none of us would find an excuse for going out to play.
今天天气太糟了,我们都找不到出去玩儿的理由。
(2) such+形容词+可数名词复数+that...。如:
They are such lovely children that we all love them.
这些孩子如此可爱,我们都很喜欢他们。
(3) such+形容词+不可数名词+that...。如:
This was such fine music that it was worth listening to twice.
这音乐太好听了,值得听两遍。
注意:实际应用中,若把so/such...that...结构中so/such...置于句首,从句需用倒装语序。如:
So excited was he that he could not fall into sleep.
他激动得不能入睡。
Such was his worry that he couldn’t go on with his work.
他如此担忧,以致不能继续工作了。