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【学会守法】“动词不定式”用法小结

发布日期 : 2021-10-09浏览次数 : 来源 :

      动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,它由“to + 动词原形”构成,它可与名词等构成不定式短语,在句子中用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等。动词不定式(或不定式短语)没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语,其否定式通常是在不定式符号to前加not。动词不定式的复合结构是of/for sb. to do sth.,其中for sb. to do sth.结构前的形容词多侧重于描述事物特征,而of sb. to do sth.结构前的形容词常用来说明人的性格或品质。如:
  It’s very nice of you to help me. 
  你来帮助我,你真是太好了。
  It’s very hard for him to study two subjects. 
  对他来说学两门科目是很难的。
  动词不定式在使用中还要注意以下几点:
  1. 动词不定式短语作主语时,常常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语——动词不定式短语后置。如:
  It was hard to learn maths.=To learn maths was hard.
  学习数学是一件很难的事情。
  It is very interesting to learn English.=To learn English is very interesting.
  学习英语很有趣。
  2. 动词不定式可以作宾语补足语,除了常规的用带to的动词不定式作宾补外,部分动词后要用不带to的动词不定式作宾补。这类动词有feel、hear、listen to、make、let、have、see、watch、notice、look at等,另外help后既可跟带to也可跟不带to的动词不定式作宾补。如:
  I saw her cross the street.
  我看到她穿过了街道。
  She does not let her children play by the river.
  她不让她的孩子在河边玩耍。
  They asked her to sing a song at the party.
  他们请她在晚会上唱了一首歌。
  We helped him (to) mend his bike.
  我们帮他修理了自行车。
  3. 动词不定式作定语时,要放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。如:
  We only have a small room to live in.
  我们只有一个小房间居住。  
  Do you have anything important to say to me?
  你有什么重要的事对我说吗?
  4. 动词不定式作目的状语,表示“为了做某事”。动词不定式作目的状语时可以放在句首,也可放在句末。如:
  To arrive on time, he got up very early this morning.=He got up very early this morning to arrive on time.
  为了按时到达,他今天早上很早就起床了。
  In order to make a living, most people have to work.=Most people have to work in order to make a living.
  大多数人必须工作以维持生活。